/* Shared English / Chinese academic homepage. No framework or web fonts required. */
:root {
    --ink: #1d1d1f;
    --muted: #64646b;
    --accent: #0066cc;
    --paper: #f5f5f7;
    --line: #dcdce1;
    --shell: 1120px;
    color-scheme: light;
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
    color: var(--ink);
    background: #fff;
    font-synthesis: none;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 96px; }
body { margin: 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.65; }
[hidden] { display: none !important; }
a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
button, input { font: inherit; }
button, summary { cursor: pointer; }
button { color: inherit; }
a, button, summary, input { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #0071e3; outline-offset: 5px; }
h1, h2, h3, p, figure { margin: 0; }
h1, h2, h3 { line-height: 1.12; letter-spacing: -0.035em; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(32px, 4vw, 48px); font-weight: 650; }
h2 span { color: var(--muted); }
ul { padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.shell { width: min(var(--shell), calc(100% - 80px)); margin-inline: auto; }
.eyebrow { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.1em; font-weight: 650; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 20px; color: var(--muted); }
.cn-page .eyebrow { letter-spacing: 0.12em; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; top: -100px; left: 20px; z-index: 100; padding: 12px 20px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.skip-link:focus { top: 12px; }
.navbar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 20; background: rgba(255,255,255,.94); backdrop-filter: blur(18px); border-bottom: 1px solid #e9e9eb; }
.nav-inner { max-width: 1200px; padding: 0 40px; margin-inline: auto; min-height: 72px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; }
.navbar-brand { color: var(--ink); font-size: 19px; font-weight: 650; letter-spacing: -.04em; white-space: nowrap; }
.navbar-brand:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.navbar-brand span { display: block; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .015em; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 450; line-height: 1.4; }
.nav-menu { display: flex; gap: 27px; align-items: center; margin: 0; }
.nav-menu a { color: #454549; font-size: 12px; }
.nav-menu a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
.nav-menu .language-link { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); padding-left: 22px; color: var(--accent); }
.nav-toggle { border: 0; background: transparent; padding: 10px 0 10px 12px; font-size: 13px; }
.hero { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 270px; gap: 68px; padding-top: 92px; padding-bottom: 84px; align-items: center; }
.hero .eyebrow { color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 25px; }
.hero h1 { font-size: clamp(48px, 5.8vw, 76px); line-height: 1.04; font-weight: 680; letter-spacing: -.055em; }
.hero h1 span { color: var(--accent); }
.hero-statement { font-size: 21px; max-width: 570px; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: -.02em; margin-top: 28px; color: #505057; }
.hero-role { margin-top: 18px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); }
.hero-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 26px; margin-top: 32px; }
.button { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 20px; padding: 12px 23px; border-radius: 999px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; min-height: 46px; }
.button.primary { background: #0071e3; color: #fff; }
.button:hover { text-decoration: none; background: #0077ed; }
.text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; font-size: 14px; }
.hero-portrait { align-self: center; padding-top: 18px; }
.hero-portrait img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 350px; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 18%; border-radius: 18px; background: var(--paper); }
.hero-portrait figcaption { color: var(--muted); font-size: 10px; margin-top: 15px; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .025em; }
.research-section { padding-block: 76px 96px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.section-heading > p:last-child { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.65; color: var(--muted); max-width: 750px; margin-top: 25px; }
.research-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 72px; margin-top: 52px; align-items: start; }
.research-paths > a { display: flex; gap: 20px; padding: 22px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--ink); }
.research-paths > a:first-child { padding-top: 7px; }
.research-paths > a > span:last-child { color: var(--muted); margin-left: auto; }
.research-paths > a:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.research-paths > a:hover h3 { color: var(--accent); }
.path-number { font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); padding-top: 4px; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.research-paths h3 { font-size: 21px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.research-paths p { color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.65; margin-top: 10px; }
.research-background { margin-top: 25px; font-size: 13px; }
.research-background summary { color: var(--accent); }
.intro-box { padding-top: 14px; }
.intro-box p { font-size: 14px; margin-top: 12px; }
.research-themes { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 15px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.argument-demo { background: var(--paper); border-radius: 24px; padding: 28px 28px 24px; text-align: center; }
.argument-demo figcaption { font-weight: 600; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.individual-graphs { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; gap: 20px; margin-top: 24px; }
.individual-graph { width: 90px; }
.individual-graph svg { display: block; width: 100%; height: 96px; }
.individual-graph span, .collective-graph > span { display: block; font-size: 11px; color: var(--muted); }
.argument-demo svg { overflow: visible; color: var(--accent); }
.argument-demo circle { fill: white; stroke: #b2c9e4; stroke-width: 1.5; }
.argument-demo svg text { fill: var(--ink); text-anchor: middle; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: italic; }
.graph-edge { stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 2; fill: none; }
.aggregation-rule { margin: 10px 0 0; }
.aggregation-rule > span { display: block; color: #9999a1; font-size: 22px; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.rule-controls { display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; border: 1px solid #d7d7dc; background: #e8e8ed; padding: 3px; border-radius: 999px; justify-content: center; gap: 3px; }
.rule-controls button { border: 0; border-radius: 999px; padding: 6px 12px; background: transparent; font-size: 11px; color: #55555b; min-height: 32px; }
.rule-controls button[aria-pressed="true"] { background: #fff; color: var(--ink); box-shadow: 0 1px 4px #00000012; }
.rule-fallback { font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); }
.collective-graph { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 20px; margin-top: 16px; }
.collective-graph svg { width: 90px; height: 110px; }
.collective-graph > span { max-width: 80px; text-align: left; }
.demo-result { min-height: 67px; margin-top: 16px; font-size: 13px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.65; }
.figure-note { font-size: 10px; color: var(--muted); text-align: left; margin-top: 14px; }
.work-section { padding-block: 82px 96px; background: var(--paper); }
.work-heading { display: flex; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 30px; margin-bottom: 40px; }
.work-heading .text-link { flex-shrink: 0; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.work-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 24px; align-items: start; }
.work-card { background: white; border-radius: 24px; padding: 34px; overflow: hidden; }
.work-meta { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; font-size: 11px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 30px; }
.work-meta span:last-child { text-align: right; }
.work-takeaway { font-size: 32px; font-weight: 620; line-height: 1.15; min-height: 74px; max-width: 390px; }
.work-summary { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 20px; min-height: 74px; }
.work-title { margin-top: 26px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 550; line-height: 1.5; min-height: 90px; }
.work-title a { color: inherit; }
.work-authors { font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 12px; min-height: 20px; }
.work-actions { display: flex; gap: 26px; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 24px; }
.work-featured { grid-column: 1 / -1; background: #1d1d1f; color: #f5f5f7; padding: 42px 48px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr; column-gap: 64px; }
.work-featured .work-meta { grid-column: 1 / -1; color: #b7b7c1; margin-bottom: 35px; }
.work-featured .work-takeaway { font-size: 43px; max-width: 460px; grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2 / 4; min-height: 0; }
.work-featured .work-summary { grid-column: 2; margin: 0; min-height: 0; color: #b7b7c1; }
.work-featured .work-title { grid-column: 2; min-height: 0; margin-top: 25px; }
.work-featured .work-authors { grid-column: 2; color: #b7b7c1; }
.work-featured .work-actions { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin-top: 30px; }
.work-featured a, .work-featured summary, .work-featured .copy-citation { color: #8fc7ff; }
.citation { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin-top: 24px; font-size: 12px; }
.citation summary { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; list-style: none; padding-top: 15px; color: var(--accent); min-height: 40px; }
.citation summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.citation[open] summary > span { transform: rotate(45deg); }
.citation pre { white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: anywhere; background: var(--paper); border-radius: 10px; padding: 16px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.6; max-height: 280px; overflow: auto; }
.citation-actions { display: flex; gap: 15px; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.copy-citation { border: 0; padding: 5px 0; background: transparent; color: var(--accent); font-size: 12px; }
.copy-status { font-size: 11px; }
.work-featured .citation { grid-column: 1 / -1; border-color: #4e4e55; }
.work-featured .citation pre { color: #f5f5f7; background: #303034; }
.archive-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 255px; column-gap: 90px; padding-block: 96px; }
.archive-main h2 { font-size: 36px; }
.pub-note { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 20px; }
.publication-search { margin-top: 28px; }
.publication-search label { display: block; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.search-row { display: flex; gap: 14px; }
.search-row input { min-width: 0; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #b4b4bd; border-radius: 10px; padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--ink); background: white; }
.clear-search { border: none; background: transparent; padding: 0 5px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--accent); flex-shrink: 0; }
#search-status { font-size: 11px; min-height: 18px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 7px; }
.sub-title { font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -.02em; margin: 30px 0 6px; font-weight: 600; }
.pub-list { margin: 0; }
.pub-list li { padding: 20px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75; }
.pub-list li a:not(.doi-link) { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 550; }
.pub-venue { color: var(--muted); }
.doi-link { display: inline-block; padding: 1px 6px; margin-left: 3px; background: var(--paper); border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11px; }
.section-title { margin: 52px 0 18px; }
.activity-list, .project-list { margin: 0; }
.activity-list li, .project-list li { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75; padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.proj-years { display: block; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 5px; }
.academic-activities > p { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); }
#about { align-self: start; }
.profile-card { border-top: 2px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 25px; }
.profile-card h2 { font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 26px; }
.profile-label { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 14px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .05em; }
.address { font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.9; }
.email-link { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.profile-section { margin-top: 30px; padding-top: 25px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.profile-links { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 12px 8px; }
.profile-links a { font-size: 12px; }
.mini-timeline { margin: 0; }
.mini-timeline li { padding-left: 14px; border-left: 1px solid var(--line); padding-bottom: 20px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6; }
.mini-timeline li:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }
.mini-timeline time { display: block; font-size: 11px; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 5px; }
.last-updated { font-size: 10px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 30px; }
.contact-section { background: var(--paper); padding-block: 76px; }
.contact-section h2 { max-width: 800px; }
.contact-section p:not(.eyebrow) { color: var(--muted); margin-top: 25px; font-size: 16px; }
.contact-section .button { margin-top: 30px; margin-right: 26px; }
footer { font-size: 10px; color: var(--muted); background: var(--paper); }
footer .shell { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-block: 23px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
footer a { color: inherit; }
.cn-page h1, .cn-page h2, .cn-page h3 { letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.cn-page .hero h1 { line-height: 1.2; }
.cn-page .hero-statement { line-height: 1.8; }
.cn-page .work-takeaway { line-height: 1.35; }
@media (min-width: 851px) { .nav-toggle { display: none; } }
@media (max-width: 1050px) {
    .hero { gap: 40px; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 230px; }
    .hero-portrait img { height: 310px; }
    .nav-menu { gap: 18px; }
    .research-layout { gap: 40px; }
    .archive-layout { gap: 48px; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 225px; }
    .work-card { padding: 28px; }
    .work-featured { padding: 35px; gap: 0 40px; }
    .work-takeaway { font-size: 28px; }
}
@media (max-width: 850px) {
    .nav-inner { flex-wrap: wrap; min-height: 66px; gap: 0; padding-block: 12px; }
    .nav-toggle { display: block; }
    .nav-menu { flex-basis: 100%; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 25px; padding-top: 16px; }
    .nav-menu a { display: block; padding-block: 8px; }
    .nav-menu .language-link { border: 0; padding-left: 0; }
    .nav-menu[data-collapsed="true"] { display: none; }
    .hero { padding-block: 66px; grid-template-columns: 1fr 200px; gap: 30px; }
    .hero h1 { font-size: 52px; }
    .hero-statement { font-size: 18px; }
    .hero-portrait img { height: 280px; }
    .hero-portrait figcaption { font-size: 9px; }
    .hero-role { font-size: 12px; }
    .research-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 35px; }
    .argument-demo { max-width: 560px; width: 100%; margin-inline: auto; }
    .work-heading { display: block; }
    .work-heading .text-link { margin-top: 25px; }
    .work-grid { gap: 18px; }
    .work-takeaway { font-size: 25px; min-height: 65px; }
    .work-meta { font-size: 10px; gap: 12px; }
    .work-title { min-height: 112px; }
    .work-summary { min-height: 100px; }
    .work-featured .work-takeaway { font-size: 36px; }
    .archive-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 195px; gap: 35px; }
    .profile-links { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
@media (max-width: 620px) {
    html { scroll-padding-top: 88px; }
    .shell { width: calc(100% - 40px); }
    .nav-inner { padding-inline: 20px; }
    .navbar-brand { font-size: 17px; }
    .hero { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; padding-block: 50px 40px; gap: 32px; }
    .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(43px, 11.5vw, 64px); }
    .hero .eyebrow { font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 22px; }
    .hero-statement { font-size: 18px; margin-top: 24px; }
    .hero-role { font-size: 11px; margin-top: 14px; }
    .hero-actions { gap: 22px; margin-top: 26px; }
    .hero-actions .button { font-size: 12px; padding: 11px 19px; }
    .hero-actions .text-link { font-size: 12px; }
    .hero-portrait { padding: 0; display: flex; gap: 18px; align-items: center; align-self: stretch; }
    .hero-portrait img { width: 76px; height: 92px; border-radius: 10px; object-position: center 16%; }
    .hero-portrait figcaption { text-align: left; font-size: 11px; max-width: 170px; margin: 0; }
    .research-section { padding-block: 48px 56px; }
    h2, .archive-main h2 { font-size: 31px; line-height: 1.18; }
    .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 16px; font-size: 11px; }
    .section-heading > p:last-child { font-size: 16px; margin-top: 20px; }
    .research-layout { margin-top: 30px; }
    .research-paths h3 { font-size: 19px; }
    .research-paths p { font-size: 13px; }
    .argument-demo { padding: 24px 20px; border-radius: 18px; }
    .argument-demo figcaption { font-size: 16px; }
    .individual-graphs { gap: 16px; }
    .demo-result { min-height: 86px; }
    .work-section { padding-block: 52px; }
    .work-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 18px; }
    .work-card, .work-featured { display: block; padding: 26px; border-radius: 18px; }
    .work-meta, .work-featured .work-meta { margin-bottom: 25px; }
    .work-meta span:last-child { max-width: 210px; }
    .work-takeaway, .work-featured .work-takeaway { font-size: 29px; min-height: 0; }
    .work-summary, .work-featured .work-summary { min-height: 0; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 20px; }
    .work-title, .work-featured .work-title { min-height: 0; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 24px; }
    .work-authors { min-height: 0; font-size: 11px; }
    .work-actions { font-size: 12px; }
    .archive-layout { display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding-block: 56px; gap: 56px; }
    #about { align-self: stretch; }
    .profile-links { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .profile-card .address, .mini-timeline li { font-size: 13px; }
    .section-title { margin-top: 40px; }
    .pub-list li { font-size: 13px; }
    .contact-section { padding-block: 52px; }
    .contact-section p:not(.eyebrow) { font-size: 14px; }
    .contact-section .text-link { font-size: 12px; }
    footer .shell { gap: 12px 24px; }
    footer .shell > span:first-child { flex-basis: 100%; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { html { scroll-behavior: auto; } }
@media print {
    .navbar, .hero-actions, .rule-controls, .publication-search, .copy-citation, .contact-section, footer { display: none !important; }
    .shell { width: 100%; }
    body { font-size: 11pt; }
    .hero, .research-section, .work-section, .archive-layout { padding-block: 20px; }
    .work-section, .argument-demo, .work-card { background: white; color: black; }
    .work-grid { display: block; }
    .work-card { break-inside: avoid; padding: 20px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; }
    .work-featured { display: block; }
    .work-takeaway, .work-featured .work-takeaway { font-size: 24px; }
    .work-featured a, .work-featured .work-meta, .work-featured .work-summary, .work-featured .work-authors { color: black; }
    .work-title, .work-summary { min-height: 0; }
    .citation { display: none; }
}